50 Ways To Write A Song

I discovered Paul Simon on MTV when I was in third grade, back when the video for “You Can Call Me Al” was on constant rotation. It featured Chevy Chase lip-synching the words to the song while a dour-looking Simon traded off on a variety of instruments. As I was unfamiliar with the work of Chevy Chase at the time, I assumed that this tall, tan, hysterical guy was Paul Simon. I now had a new musical hero. He was cool, funny, and made great music to boot.

This illusion lasted for about a month. I told my parents about my newfound discovery, which prompted my dad to pull out a dusty old Simon & Garfunkel vinyl from his record collection. The short one was there, with much longer hair, mind you, but the other guy was clearly not my Paul Simon. My mind had been officially blown.

I got over the hang-up, and the Graceland cassette entered into my possession not long afterward. For Simon, it was a watershed album that re-energized his career and earned him a whole new subset of fans. It now stands as one of the best albums of that decade.

As a songwriter, Simon is an American titan, one of the few that can be mentioned in the same breath as Bob Dylan. The writer Cormac McCarthy once quipped, “Simon told us what was happening [in the ‘60s], Dylan told us what was going to happen.” Indeed.

And why they haven’t awarded Simon – or Dylan, for that matter – a Presidential Medal Of Freedom is beyond me. So, Obama, if you’re reading this ….

In our exclusive interview, Simon comes off as modest and unassuming. He says he doesn’t write with any grand themes in mind, and is not trying to make a major philosophical statement.

For his new album, So Beautiful Or So What, Simon says he’s mainly just interested to see where the road takes him, given that the commercial landscape for music has changed so dramatically. He seems buoyant about prospect of continuing to write and play music, even at age 70, proving that age is only the province of a defeated spirit.

There has always been an elusive spirit to Simon’s music, and his songs, more often than not, are tinged with melancholy. The movie Almost Famous has a great scene when Zooey Deschanel’s character Anita plays Simon and Garfunkel’s “America” to explain to her mother her reason for leaving home. Today, in the age of Twitter and Best Buy, that song sounds like an elegy for a lost time, when running away from home was still a romantic pursuit.

Stevie Nicks is another seasoned artist who refuses to give up the ghost. Her latest album, In Your Dreams, her first solo effort in nearly a decade, features what she considers to be some of her finest work. The ‘70s icon discusses her unique approach to writing, and relates a funny episode with ex-beau Don Henley about writing “Dreams.”

Another great American writer, Brian Wilson, offers a lesson in synesthesia, explaining what colors he associates with the different keys of the musical scale. He also makes the case that pop music began to descend in quality after reaching its climax in the ‘60s. The reason: he says songwriters went out of business. To call Wilson self-effacing would be a grand understatement. The genius behind Pet Sounds – quite sadly – says he’s unsure if his music has brought any joy into the world. Well, we’re pretty sure it has.
And we certainly don’t think the quality of music has declined since the ‘60s. There’s as much good music being made now as ever before. It’s just a little harder to find sometimes, that’s all.

But if you’re looking for some great new artists, check out Nikki Lane, a live-wire from South Carolina whose debut album Walk Of Shame marries the twang of Loretta with classic punk swagger. Another standout is Beirut, the lo-fi orchestral folk project from Zach Condon. His new album The Rip Tide is definitely one of the year’s best.

Editor’s Note: American Songwriter, July/August 2011

It’s late May in Nashville, and Justin Townes Earle is back in his hometown amid a short break from touring. For the first time in a long while, he finds himself walking the streets of Music Row – ground zero for a type of music he certainly doesn’t consider “country.”

Earle’s own songs possess a strong sense of location, and he appears to be an artist inspired by the spirit of a place. Music Row clearly isn’t one of them. “Should have waited to take my shower ‘cause now I just feel dirty!” he posts on his Twitter feed.

Justin’s father, Steve, developed his own allergy to Music Row in the mid-70s, where he moved in and out of a series of publishing deals, before finally releasing the critically-acclaimed Guitar Town in 1986. The elder Earle never considered Music Row to be a nurturing place for a songwriter. “Me and everybody like me … we have to take what we’re given,” he told American Songwriter in 2007. “Songwriters, especially the kind of songwriter I came to be, have to live in the margin.”

And live in the margin he did. In the late ‘80s, Earle released a handful of albums on MCA Records that moved from country to heartland rock to a sound he termed “heavy-metal bluegrass.” Today, Earle considers himself to be a folk singer more than anything else, a songwriter with the chops to make a living busking in the subway if push came to shove.

New York currently serves as the adopted home of both Earles. Steve pulled up stakes in Nashville several years ago and settled in Greenwich Village, paying tribute to the neighborhood’s folk music heritage on the album Washington Square Serenade.

For this issue’s photo shoot, Nashville’s Joshua Black Wilkins caught up with father and son on the boardwalk of Coney Island, that carny section of Brooklyn that was home to Woody Guthrie in the decade after World War II. Woody even wrote about the boardwalk, describing it as a place where “the prettiest of the maidulas, leave their leg prints in that sand/ Just beneath our love-soaked boardwalk, with the bravest of our lads.”

It was a fitting locale for our cover shoot, given that Woody is a guiding light for both songwriters. Steve paid direct homage to the legendary singer in the song “Christmas In Washington,” at once a prayer and call to arms for left-wing activism that also summons the ghost of Joe Hill, the songwriter and labor-activist for the Wobblies. “The Gulf Of Mexico,” off of Steve’s new album I’ll Never Get Out Of This World Alive, also invokes Woody’s spirit. A modern day folk-ballad with a strong Irish lilt, the song traces the lives of three generations of workers who made their living on the water. The song’s denouement comes in the form of the oil spill, and we’ve seen a Gulf that has turned from blue to green to blood red.

Guthrie served as one of the touchstones for Justin’s album Harlem River Blues, an impressive song-cycle that imagines a cross-section of southern music through the prism of big city life in the 21st century.

“When Woody Guthrie was around, he wrote about what was around him,” the younger Earle tells AS. “He wrote about all these amazing new inventions, like the Grand Coulee Dam. He was taking an old form of music that he had learned in Pampa, Texas, and was translating it to a modern time.”

Earle’s most Guthrie-esque tune on Harlem River is “Wanderin,’” a roustabout tale that casts the protagonist as a sort of latter-day Huck Finn.

Now, my father was a traveler and my mama stayed at home
And she cried the day that he walked out and left us on our own
But now I’m older than he was when I was born and I don’t know
Which way is home so I’m wanderin’

In our story, the younger Earle says he’ll always consider himself “white trash from Middle Tennessee.” Buried beneath the wanderlust of his songs is the search for a home. Here’s hoping he keeps searching, at least for the sake of his songs.

Buy the issue.

Editor’s Note: November/December

It’s early October, and Nashville is still reeling from the moveable feast of music and madness that was Next BIG Nashville. For two days, the city hosted a music industry conference that attracted some of the best minds in the business. Top that off with four nights of music at venues throughout the city, with more than 150 bands from across the country that ranged in style from country to indie rock to hip-hop and electronic music.

It was a success on all fronts.

Music City, of course, has always been about more than twin fiddles and steel guitar. Anyone who lives here knows that. But, thanks to events like Next BIG Nashville, the city is emerging on the national stage as a hotbed of talent, for music and entrepreneurs of all stripes.

Kings of Leon, our cover subject and one of the biggest rock bands in the world, just happen to call Nashville home. Though they spent much of their youth traveling the byways of the South with their dad, an itinerant preacher, the band cut its musical teeth here, recording its first EP in Nashville, in 2003, when bassist Jared Followill was a stripling of 16. Buy the issue to read more.

Felice Brothers, Justin Townes Earle Rock Big Surprise Tour

After the sun went down at last week’s Big Surprise show in Nashville, Gillian Welch strode onstage to join Ian Felice in singing “Saint Stephen’s End,” a Felice Brothers song about the saint’s riverside stoning.

Wearing an antique gown, Welch looked like a vision in white at Riverfront Park. Midway through the song, the General Jackson Showboat rolled down the Cumberland River, looking like some ancient city adrift, all lit up behind the massive stage.

It was a cinematic moment that encapsulated the throwback feel of the evening. Featuring Old Crow Medicine Show and the Dave Rawlings Machine, the Big Surprise show recalled an old-time jamboree, with the cast of musicians constantly popping up during each group’s respective sets.

Nashville homeboy Justin Townes Earle kicked off the evening, playing tunes from his two solo albums, including “Midnight at the Movies,” a Kerouac-inspired portrait of loneliness.

Donning a pink button-down shirt and checkered bow tie, Earle looked like a cross between Pee Wee Herman and Jimmie Rodgers. (Sobriety does wonders for the wardrobe.) His country-boy banter between songs seemed to befit his retro sound.

“Jump into the water if you need saving,” Earle told the crowd. “That water will test your faith. I promise you.”

Up next were the Felice Brothers, the neo-folk rowdies from upstate New York. The band got the crowd moving when they broke into “Frankie’s Gun!,” one of their many tunes about artillery.

Dave Rawlings and Gillian Welch followed, playing Dylan’s “Queen Jane Approximately,” as well as tunes from their forthcoming album. Ketch Secor of Old Crow joined the duo for “I Hear Them All,” an apocalyptic Old Crow song that Secor co-wrote with Rawlings. The two weaved “This Land is Your Land” into the number, throwing in the pro-Marxist verse about the “No Trespassing” sign that is so often omitted from schoolbooks.

Old Crow rounded out the show in the form of a backwoods revival. An ensemble rendition of “Wagon Wheel,” the Americana anthem that Secor created out of a discarded Dylan lyric, capped the night. The spirit of the night seemed to constantly hearken back to a young Dylan, who, when recording the Basement Tapes, imagined an alternate past for rock and roll.

Steve Earle, The Revolution Starts Now (Q&A)

How does this album exactly define the word “revolution”?
 
The Revolution starts now in that it starts as soon as you wake up and realize that it’s been going on with or without you, and that your input is needed. I’m not a believer in violent revolution, but only because a lot of people learned that for me, that came before me. I don’t blame the shape the country’s in on them –I blame it on us. I blame it on people that think like I do that went to sleep, that became less involved. And I think the part of it that people have a hard time getting through their heads is there’s never going to be a time that we can coast. Our brand of democracy just doesn’t –and I’m not sure any brand of democracy- lends itself to that. Ours definitely doesn’t. I don’t really have a problem with conservatives –I don’t agree with them. But these guys that are in power right now aren’t conservatives, you know, they’re neocons, which aren’t conservatives. What scares me more than anything else right now is we’ve got liberals that are afraid to call themselves liberals, and conservatives who won’t say out loud that this guy isn’t a conservative and he’s running the country into the ground, because he’s not [a conservative]. These are not conservative policies. I voted for Bill Clinton twice, the only Republican that I ever voted for. And he was a lot more conservative than Bush ever thought about being, with most of the thing conservatives are normally worried about.
 
In the liner notes, you used the word “immediate” to describe the atmosphere surrounding the recording of the new album. Is this an album just for these times, or is it meant to reverberate beyond that?
 
Some of it is just for this second, but some of it is not. I think “The Revolution Starts Now” is for all times. And I think Rich Man’s War could be about any war. It’s about three wars that are going on right now.
 
It takes an interesting turn with that last verse.
 
Yeah, well the deal is the people who sit around and decide it’s time for us to go to war very rarely get shot at, and I think that’s part of the problem.
 
Is it harder for artists to speak out and be heard now than it was, say, during the Vietnam era?
 
Well, we’re just living through this weird little pocket of time we’re somebody came up with this bizarre idea that it wasn’t appropriate for artists to comment on the society that they live in. That’s a new idea.
 
Mark Twain said the artists are the true patriots.
 
That’s it. That’s what Kerry meant when he was speaking before all those artists and said, “you are the heart and soul of America.” It probably wasn’t his best way to phrase it, but that’s what he meant. We’re people, you know, and a lot of us come from pretty humble backgrounds. And I come from a moderately humble background. My dad was an air-traffic controller and a GS-13 when he retired. We were comfortable but there were five kids.
 
You’ve started to write poetry and prose over the last few years, as well as paint and act. Has working in these mediums had any effect on your development as songwriter?
 
Oh yeah, I think “Warrior” would have been completely impossible without my involvement in theater. It would never have occurred to me to write a spoken-word piece in iambic pentameter if I had not been heavily involved in theater for the last five years.
 
Who are you trying to reach with the new album? I think it’s pretty safe to say that the people who have bought your other albums will buy this one as well.
 
Yeah, they will. I’m trying to reach the people that have been quiet and aren’t O.K. with what’s going on. They know something’s wrong, but haven’t been comfortable with saying something about it. I think that’s happening and that people are starting to look for something. The reaction to this record so far has been so overwhelmingly positive. It’s very early but it’s much different than when Jerusalem came out. I had the usual squawkers [with Jerusalem]–the people I was trying to piss off, and they responded the way that they normally do.
 
And that was mostly just because of John Walker’s Blues.

 
Yeah, and with this one I even got a four-star review in the New York Post, which kind of concerns me. My one-star review for Jerusalem [in the N.Y. Post] is one of my prouder moments. It’s been much easier to get [this album] on radio so far. It’s the second day out, we’re number five at Amazon, and that’s a pretty good indicator for me. I’m an adult artist, so I sell records at Barnes & Nobles and Amazon and Borders –those are my biggest retail outlets. I think I’m hoping to reach people that are not necessarily hard-core progressives but are starting to realize they got lied to. It’s regular people that will go and die if we keep pursuing this policy we’re pursuing. And it won’t end in Iraq. It’s not designed to end in Iraq. It’s really insane. They’re talking about us never not having troops in harm’s way. That’s what they want, and it’s not their kids.
 
Truman said Korea was going to be a police action over the weekend.
 
Yeah, and we’re still there.
 
You’ve helped a lot of young bands and artists get their start with E-squared. I’m thinking specifically of Marah and the V-Roys. Was that a way of doing the same kind of thing Townes and Guy did for you?
 
Yeah, producing records and signing bands like that was a teaching process. I like to teach – I do sometimes. But I try to approach that [producing] as a teacher. And some people are more teachable than others, and sometimes it’s a better experience than others.
 
Any advice for aspiring young songwriters?
 
It’s tough nowadays. Always be willing to do the work, but always be suspicious of anything anytime anybody asks you to change the art itself, because probably the people that are asking you have never made art before. Especially if someone who has never made any art before tells you how to make art, you should definitely process that information very, very carefully.
 
Would this album have come out differently had you spent more time writing songs and recording in the studio, or do you like the sense of urgency it has?

It would have been different and it probably wouldn’t have been as urgent. I think it was made exactly the way it needed to be made and I’m pretty proud of it.

(American Songwriter, 2004)